An angle bisector of an angle of a triangle divides the opposite side in two segments that are proportional to the other two sides of the triangle.

By the Angle Bisector Theorem,

Proof:

Extend
to meet
at point E.

By the Side-Splitter Theorem,
---------(1)
The angles
are corresponding angles.
So, 
Since
is a angle bisector of the angle 
By the Alternate Interior Angle Theorem,

Therefore, by transitive property, 
Since the angles
are congruent, the triangle
is an isosceles triangle with AE = AB.
Replacing AE by AB in equation (1),

Example :

Find the value of x.
By Triangle-Angle-Bisector Theorem,

Substitute.

Cross multiply.
5x = 42
Divide both sides by 5.

The value of x is 8.4.